The U-space regulatory framework will provide for safe aircraft operations in all areas and for all types of unmanned aircraft operations. The U-space Regulation establishes and harmonises the necessary requirements for manned and unmanned aircraft to operate safely in the U-space airspace, so as to prevent collisions between aircraft and to mitigate air and ground risks. The management of drone traffic will be ensured through the U-space: a set of services that will be deployed in airspace where heavier traffic is expected, such as in urban areas. In the ‘certified’ category, the safety risk is considerably high therefore, the certification of the drone operator and its drone, as well as the licensing of the remote pilot(s), is always required to ensure safety. To obtain the operational authorisation, the drone operator is required to conduct a risk assessment, which will determine the requirements necessary for the safe operation of the civil drone(s). The ‘specific’ category covers riskier civil drone operations, where safety is ensured by the drone operator by obtaining an operational authorisation from the national competent authority before starting the operation. Operational risks in the ‘open’ category are considered low and, therefore, no operational authorisation is required before starting a flight. This category is subdivided into three subcategories, namely A1, A2 and A3. The ‘open’ category addresses the lower-risk civil drone operations in, where safety is ensured provided the civil drone operator complies with the relevant requirements for its intended operation. It defines three categories of civil drone operations: the ‘open’, the ‘specific’ and the ‘certified’ category. Regulation (EU) 2019/947, which is applicable since 31 December 2020 in all EU Member States, including Norway and Liechtenstein (it is expected that it will soon become applicable in Switzerland and Iceland too), caters for most types of civil drone operations and their levels of risk. What they consider is the weight and the specifications of the civil drone and the operation it is intended to conduct. They adopt a risk-based approach, and as such, do not distinguish between leisure or commercial civil drone activities. European Plan for Aviation Safety (EPAS)ĮU Regulations 45 set out the framework for the safe operation of civil drones in the European skies.European Safety Promotion Network Rotorcraft (ESPN-R).
European Operators Flight Data Monitoring (EOFDM).European Authorities Coordination Group on Flight Data Monitoring (EAFDM).Aviation Safety Reporting for Individuals.Aviation Safety Reporting for Organisations.Accident and incident investigation support.Regional Safety Oversight Organisations (RSOOs).Aircraft Noise Certificate or Equivalent Noise Documentation (ANC) Data.Aircraft Noise & Performance (ANP) Data.ICAO Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank.Loss of Control (LOC-I) in Approach and Landing.Simpler and lighter rules for GA maintenance.Simpler and lighter rules for GA pilot training.Simpler and lighter rules for Balloons and Sailplanes.The new CS-23 – smart and flexible rules that support innovation.Part-21 Light - Making Design & Manufacturing Easier.Drones - regulatory framework background.Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD).European Aero-Medical Repository (EAMR).Manufacturer Scheduled Maintenance Requirements.International Maintenance Review Board Policy Board (IMRBPB).Part-M Approvals Foreign CAMO Subpart G.EASA Part-145 Organisations located in the USA.EASA Part-145 Organisations located in Canada.EASA Part-145 Organisations located in Brazil.Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence.Alternative Procedures to Design Organisation Approval (ADOA).ATM/ANS & ATCO Training Organisation Approvals.Special Categories of Passengers (SCPs).Non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft (NCC).Conflict Zone Information Bulletin (CZIB’s).Information Sharing Platform on Conflict Zones.Illogical order of steps (see list on previous slide) Two many unit ops and streams at one time (do one at a time) Infrequent saving of files (do Save As case01, case 02. On CD, but not on paper copies If you have time, take a quick look at it
How to get data from model to reports, Excel etc.
PRO/II Tutorial To get some practice with the use of the PRO/II process simulator to model chemical processes (see PRO/II documentation – Tutorial Guide)Ĭreate a new case (1-1) Select Units (1-1a) Select Thermodynamics (1-7) Select Components (1-4) Add Unit Operations & Streams (1-3) Run Simulation (1-19) Generate Report (1-20) PRO/II Tutorialĭistillation Column (2-2) Heat Exchangers (2-7) Compressor (2-11) Skip: Flash Hot Key (1-20) Double Window (2-3, 2-4)